MPEG Industry Forum (MPEGIF) Documents Archive

Disclaimer:

The OIPF and the MPEG Industry Forum (MPEGIF) have announced on 12th March 2012 that certain residual documents of the MPEGIF will be retained on the OIPF website. The documents created by the MPEGIF prior to the date and selected by them as listed below have been added to the OIPF website. The retention of these documents is for information purposes only and does not imply that the OIPF accepts any responsibility or liability whatsoever for these documents. In particular, these deliverables do not constitutes deliverables or material created by OIPF.

ISMA Technical Specifications

ISMA Encryption & Authentication Specification 2.0 (ISMA Cryp 2.0) preserves the security and flexibility features of version 1.1, but it is "codec agnostic"; in other words, it is no longer limited to only MPEG-4 codecs and is designed to work with any codec, on any IP network or device.

ISMA Specification 2.0 incorporates advanced codec technology for audio and video applications, Internet protocols for streaming and file formats for storage.

The ISMA Closed Caption specification is the first industry standard to address mandatory requirements in the U.S. for providing captions where audio is essential to understanding video content.

ISMA Encryption & Authentication Specification 1.0 lays down the framework for secure content delivery over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, and prescibes interoperability between encoders, streaming servers, and players that comply with open, standards-based technologies.

ISMA Specification 1.0.1 is an implementation specification designed to accelerate existing IETF and MPEG standards for streaming over the Internet.

Approved Specifications ()

Closed Caption
ISMA 1.0
ISMA 1.0 plus Corrigenda
ISMA 1.0 Corrigenda
ISMA 2.0
ISMA Encryption and Authentication 1.1
ISMA Encryption and Authentication 2.0

Provisional Specifications ()

Ultravox 1.0 – Part 1
Ultravox 1.0 – Part 2
Ultravox 1.0 – Part 3
Hyperlinked Video

Working Papers ()

RTP Tune In
Ad Insertion

White Papers & Brochures

Understanding MPEG-4
Glossary for Video & Perceptual Quality of Stereoscopic Video (shared with the 3D@Home Consortium)
High Efficiency AAC
Introduction to MPEG-7
MPEG-21: Goals and Achievements Ian Burnett, Rik Van de Walle, Keith Hill, Jan Bormans and Fernando Pereira, Copyright © 2003 IEEE. Reprinted from IEEE Computer Society, October-November 2003 This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of MPEG's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it.
What is AVC?
What is AAC?
What is Advanced Simple Profile?
Interactivity in MPEG-4

MPEGIF Information

What is MPEG-4?

MPEG-4 is an ISO/IEC standard developed by MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group), the committee that also developed the Emmy Award winning standards known as MPEG-1 and MPEG-2. These standards made interactive video on CD-ROM and Digital Television possible. MPEG-4 is the result of another international effort involving hundreds of researchers and engineers from all over the world. MPEG-4, whose formal ISO/IEC designation is ISO/IEC 14496, was finalized in October 1998 and became an International Standard in the first months of 1999. The fully backward compatible extensions under the title of MPEG-4 Version 2 were frozen at the end of 1999, to acquire the formal International Standard Status early in 2000. Some work, on extensions in specific domains, is still in progress.

MPEG-4 builds on the proven success of three fields:

· Digital television;

· Interactive graphics applications (synthetic content);

· Interactive multimedia (World Wide Web, distribution of and access to content)

MPEG-4 provides the standardized technological elements enabling the integration of the production, distribution and content access paradigms of the three fields.

More information about MPEG-4 can be found at MPEG's home page (case sensitive): http://mpeg.chiariglione.org/. This web page contains links to a wealth of information about MPEG, including much about MPEG-4, many publicly available documents, several lists of "Frequently Asked Questions" and links to other MPEG-4 web pages. The standard can be bought from ISO, send mail to mailto:sales@iso.ch. Notably, the complete software for MPEG-4 version 1 can be bought on a CD ROM, for 56 Swiss Francs. It can also be downloaded for free from ISO’s website: http://www.iso.org/iso/standards_development/supporting_services/information_technology_task_force.htm - look under publicly available standards and then for "14496-5". This software is free of copyright restrictions when used for implementing MPEG-4 compliant technology. (This does not mean that the software is free of patents).

*Extracted from the "Overview of the MPEG-4 Standard"

Licensing Information

MPEGIF does not license patents. Neither does MPEGIF bear any responsibility for licensing patents.

MPEGIF initiates discussions leading to the potential establishment of patent pools outside of MPEGIF, that should grant a license to an unlimited number of applicants throughout the world under reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair competition. MPEGIF only initiates these discussions; the formation of joint licensing schemes and licensing of MPEG technology will be run by patent owners, independently from MPEGIF. Licensing and membership of MPEGIF are, by nature, independent. MPEGIF does not require anything of its members in terms of licensing their patents, and MPEGIF's discussions should result in initiatives outside MPEGIF that are equally open to members and non-members.

MPEG Patents - A Brief Explanation Of Who Is Responsible (And Who Is Not!)

There are quite a few misunderstandings about the role of the different organizations involved in getting MPEG deployed, notably when patent licenses are concerned. Below is a short clarification of the role of some of the main players.

There is ISO/IEC MPEG. This is the group that makes MPEG standards. MPEG does not (cannot, under ISO rules) deal with patents and licensing. It asks of companies that propose technologies that get adopted into the standard to sign a statement that they will license their patents on Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory Terms (also called RAND terms).

There are the 'patent pools' (joint licensing schemes) and their administrators. MPEG LA is one example, licensing portfolios of patents essential to MPEG-2 Video, MPEG-2 Systems, MPEG-4 Visual and MPEG-4 Systems. Via Licensing Corporation, an independent subsidiary of Dolby Laboratories, licenses patents essential to MPEG-2 AAC, and MPEG-4 Audio including AAC and High Efficiency AAC. Thomson licenses patents essential to MP3 (MPEG-1 Layer III Audio). Patent holders determine the fees; Licensing Agents collect royalties on behalf of the patent owners and distribute the proceeds. There are probably other licensing agents and/or companies, not mentioned here, licensing patents essential to an MPEG standard. This description does not seek to give an exhaustive list of licensors of patents essential to MPEG standards.

It must be noted that these joint licensing schemes are not carried out on behalf of ISO, MPEG or MPEGIF, nor are they, or do they need to be, officially 'blessed' by any organization (including ISO, MPEG, MPEGIF). In other words, there is no 'authority' involved in licensing, it is a matter of private companies working together to offer convenience to the market. In some instances, the licensing administrator seeks some reassurance from governments to make sure that no anti-trust liability exists. For example, in the case of MPEG-2, MPEG LA obtained a 'comfort letter' from the US Department of Justice, and a similar letter was issued by the European authorities.

Resources

Reference Software and Bitstreams

June '05 release of MPEG-4 Reference Software (full MPEG-4 Audio and Advanced Video Coding) [ISO, July 05]
AVC Ref Soft --including High Profiles-- now also on JVT ftp site (FTP link!) [JVT/Detlev Marpe, 25 Oct 04] FTP
JM 9.0 of AVC Reference SW Available; supports High Profiles [Karsten Sühring, 15 Oct 04] 
ersion 2.1 of AVC Reference Software available (includes High Profiles) [Detlev Marpe, 15 Sept 04] FTP
Ref. SW v 1.9 for AVC "Fidelity Range Extensions" under development (ftp) [IMTC, 21 June 04] FTP
MPEG-7 Reference Software ("XM") [TU Muenchen, May 04]
MPEG-4 Audio Conformance test sequences for download (ftp link!) [MPEG, 03] FTP
MPEG-4 Video Conformance Bitstreams available for download [MPEG, 03]FTP
MPEG-4 Systems Conformance Bitstreams available for download [MPEG, 03]

Frequently Asked Questions

Delivery FAQ [MPEG]
Audio FAQ [MPEG]
Video FAQ [MPEG]
Systems FAQ [MPEG]
MPEG-4 Users FAQ [M4IF]

Test Content (Sequences)

Test Sequences at ITU (hover over this link with your mouse to see login information) [ITU, Feb 04] FTP
MPEG-4 Audio Conformance Test Sequences [FhG IIS, June 03] FTP
VQEG Test Sequences at CRC [CRC, Jan 03] FTP
Sequences at University of Missouri-Columbia [MU]  PASSWORD PROTECTED
Test material at The Johns Hopkins University [Johns Hopkins Univeristy]

MPEG-4 Licensing

Via Licensing Announces the Availability of an MPEG-4 SLS Joint Patent Licensing Program [Via Licensing, 13 May 09]
WikiPatents - Free Patents Online [Wikipatents, 17 Jan 08]
Free Patents Online [Free Patents Online, 16 Jan 07]
Latest Patent licensing information [M4IF]

MPEG-4 Users Frequently Asked Questions

What is MPEG-4?
MPEG-4 is the latest compression standard developed by MPEG, the same group that brought us MPEG-1 and MPEG-2. MPEG-4 builds on the proven success of three fields:

· Digital Television

· Interactive graphics applications (synthetic content);

· Interactive multimedia (World Wide Web, distribution of and access to content)

It brings these areas together to develop a standard that enables the production of content that has far greater reusability and flexibility than is possible today with individual technologies.

MPEG-4 brings higher levels of interaction with content, controlled by the content developers. It also brings multimedia to new types of networks, including those employing relatively low bitrates, and mobile ones.

Is MPEG-4 complete and usable?
Yes. The first version of MPEG-4 was released in 1999 and can be implemented today. Since the initial release, amendments to the specification have been developed that add new functionality to the standard. These additions do not break the original specification, but instead enhance it. This means that a Simple profile encoder built in 1999 will still conform to the standard today.

If the Standard is complete, then what is ISMA?
ISMA is the Internet Streaming Media Alliance (see http://www.isma.tv). MPEG-4 is a toolbox with many interoperability points (Profiles and Levels), and in order to have different products from different vendors to interoperate, there must be an agreement on what parts of the standard are used for an application. Also, MPEG-4 does not specify how to transport the bits over various networks. ISMA has developed a specification based on MPEG-4 that standardizes internet streaming by agreeing on MPEG-4 profiles and levels and how is the content transmitted.

What are Profiles and Levels?
Profiles and levels are interoperability/Conformance points. In order to make sure that MPEG-4 products work with other MPEG-4 products from other vendors, conformance points are developed. These points specify items such as

· Tools that can be used

· Bitrates

· Image Sizes

· Number of objects

With out these Profiles and Levels, there would be no way to know that one product could work with another.

Why are there so many profiles and levels?
MPEG-4 is a very rich toolbox that targets a number of different applications. Some of these applications are Studio editing, Interactive broadcast, Internet Streaming, and wireless devices.Each application has its own set of requirements. For example, Studio applications need very large image sizes and high decoding capacity that could never be supported on a small wireless device. To support the different applications, conformance points are developed that permit different vendors to develop products that meet the requirements of their industry. If a product conforms to a certain profile and level, then it will interoperate with other products that conform to the same profile and level.

What are the different parts of the MPEG-4 Standard?
Currently MPEG-4 is broken down into 8 Separate parts, some of which are still under development and are not available for purchase from ISO.

- ISO/IEC 14496-1 (Systems)
  Contains tools such as BiFS, Object Descriptors, FlexMux, MP4 File Format, etc.
- ISO/IEC 14496-2 (Visual)
Includes natural and synthetic coding as well as Facial and Body Animation.
- ISO/IEC 14496-3 (Audio)
Including Speech coding, General Audio Coding, Structured Audio, Text to Speech interface, Parameteric Audio.
- ISO/IEC 14496-4 (Conformance)
Specifies tests to be performed to verify whether bitstreams and decoders meet the requirements of parts 1, 2, 3, and 6.
- ISO/IEC 14496-5 (Reference Software)
Unoptimized software implementation of the MPEG-4 specification.
- ISO/IEC 14496-6 (Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework)
Provides a means for transparent access and delivery of content irrespective of delivery technologies.
- ISO/IEC 14496-7 (Optimised software for MPEG-4 tools) -- Under development
- ISO/IEC 14496-8 (4 on IP framework) -- Under developement
A framework for transmitting MPEG-4 over IP neworks

What is happening to the licensing of MPEG-4?
Patent Holders are currently working on developing the licensing necessary for MPEG-4. The current date for licensing the Simple and Core visual profiles is expected to be early 2002.

Where can I purchase the standard?
The MPEG-4 Standard (ISO/IEC 14496) can be purchased online at the ISO website.

Why do I have to buy the standard? Shouldn't be free?
Developing a standard takes a lot of time and money. In order for ISO to recover some of the costs associated with the development of the MPEG-4 standard, it sells the specification. Considering the amount of work that has gone into developing this standard, it is certainly well worth the money.

I went to the ISO site to purchase the specification. What are the CORs and AMDs?
COR stands for Corrigenda. A Corrigenda is issued whenever corrections are needed to fix the specification due to (usually small) editing errors. AMD stands for Amendment, and is issued whenever new functionality is added to the standard, such as the streaming video profiles. Amendments in MPEG-4 do not invalidate earlier, already deployed products. They enhance the standard.

If I have an encoder that does not use all the tools in a profile/level, is it compliant?
Yes, as long as the bitstreams from the encoder do not exceed the bounds defined by the profile/level combination, such as bitrate, buffer sizes, etc. It is possible in the simple profile to make an encoder that only encodes Intra frames (Key frames) that is fully compliant. Leaving out tools such as Inter frames, AC Prediction, and data partitioning is not in violation of the standard, but the video will be of low quality. This is important to note: the standard does not specify the encoding process.

Should I wait for MPEG-7 and skip MPEG-4 for my streaming needs?
MPEG-7 does not compress multimedia data for later playback. Instead, it is a standard for describing multimedia content. For more information on MPEG-7, see Overview of the MPEG-7 Standard.

I tried viewing an MPEG-4 video created by one company on another company's viewer and it crashed? If MPEG-4 is a standard why did it not work?
This can be due to a host of reasons. An MPEG-4 decoder should never crash. A decoder must be resilient to all error conditions. In this case, the problem could be in the encoder, in the decoder, or the bitstream could simply be corrupted.

Can video frames be compressed instead of objects?
Simple Answer: Yes.
Involved Answer: Everything inside MPEG-4 is an object. It does not matter whether the object is arbitrary-shaped or a rectangular video frame, or even 5.1 channel audio. The simplest visual profiles support only rectangular objects (frames).

What is the maximum image size that I can use in Simple Profile?
With the exception on Level 0, the visual specification does not specify what maximum size an image can be. It does however specify the number of macroblocks (16 x 16 areas) that can be used. For example, Level 1 allows up to 99 macroblocks that can be configured as 1584 x 16 or 176 x 144 (QCIF) or 16 x 1584 - or any other rectangular size (divisible in each direction by 16) in between.

Level 0 and Level 1 support up to 99 Macroblocks each.
Level 2 and Level 3 support up to 396 Macroblocks each.

Level 0 has an additional restriction. The horizontal size can not be greater that 176 and the vertical size can be no greater than 144.

Can I do interlaced video with the simple visual profile?
No. Interlaced Video is not supported in the Simple Profile. It is supported in Advanced Simple from Level 4 and up.

Which visual profiles support arbitrarily shaped objects?
The following visual profiles support arbitrary shaped objects

· Core

· Main

· N-bit

· Advanced Coding Efficiency

· Core Scalable

The following visual profiles do not support arbitrary shaped objects

· Simple

· Simple Scalable

· Advanced Real Time Simple

· Advanced Scalable Texture

· Advanced Simple

· Fine Granularity Scalable

Where can I find a list of supported tools for a profile?
The visual specification (ISO/IEC 14496-2) contains a list of all tools that can be used for a particular profile. An abridged version, listing the most popular profiles is also available at the M4IF website.

I have heard of a Level 0 for Simple Profile, what is it?
Level 0 of the simple profile was designed to target to the wireless industry where screen sizes are small, and processing power is low. Level 0 has the same functionality as the other Simple profile levels but with the following additional restrictions.

a. The maximum frame rate shall be 15 frames per second;

b. The maximum f_code shall be 1;

c. The intra_dc_vlc_threshold shall be 0;

d. The maximum horizontal luminance pixel resolution shall be 176 pels/line;

e. The maximum vertical luminance pixel resolution shall be 144 pels/VOP;

f. If AC prediction is used, the following restriction applies : QP value shall not be changed within a VOP (or within a video packet if video packets are used in a VOP). If AC prediction is not used, there are no restrictions to changing QP value.

Level 0 is available in the Streaming Video Profile Amendment.

Does MPEG-4 Video support H.263?
Yes. H.263 Baseline (No Annexes) is incorporated as part of MPEG-4. It is known as 'short header' inside the specification.

I have heard that MPEG-4 visual is wavelet based. Is that true?
Yes and No. The visual specification still uses the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) for its video compression, however, the still texture part uses the Discrete Wavelet transform.

I have heard rumours that MPEG is adopting H.26L to replace MPEG-4, is that true?
No. MPEG has started talking with the video compression group inside ITU for joint compression development. Output from this joint venture would result in a new part to the MPEG-4 standard, to be finalized in early 2003. It will become part of the MPEG-4 framework.

I see that OBMC is in the visual specification. Which profiles use it?
Although OBMC (Overlapped Block Motion Compensation) was integrated into the MPEG-4 visual specification, currently no MPEG-4 Profile supports this tool. It may become part of a new profile if new requirements are developed.

What does "Max unique quant tables" in the visual profiles and levels annex mean?
This column of the profiles and levels table specifies the maximum number of unique quantization tables that each profile/level combination can use for all of the objects in a visual scene. How the tables are configured (ie how many of each type) is left to the encoder.

For example, Main Profile/Level 2 allows up to 4 unique quantization tables for 16 objects. Without gray-shapes, it is possible to have 3 intra tables and 1 inter table, or 2 intra and 2 inter tables etc. With gray-shapes, it is more likely that the table configuration would result in 2 texture tables (1 intra and 1 inter), and 2 gray-shape tables (1 intra and 1 inter).

I have heard that the MPEG-4 file format is the same as quicktime, is that true?
No. Although Apple's QuickTime file format was adopted as the basis for the MPEG-4 file format, it has gone though many changes in order to support all the functionality of MPEG-4. Apple has however, played a key role in the development of MP4, the MPEG-4 file format.

Is it possible to parse an MP4 file to retrieve metadata without decoding the content?
Yes, the meta-data and structure parsing is uniform; there are no profiles of the structure of the file format.

Can I extract description information from an MP4 file using a QuickTime parser?
Yes, the sample description (which in MPEG-4 contains an ESD) is in the same place as a QuickTime file.

Where can I get a copy of the streaming video profile?
It can be purchased in the form of the Final Draft Amendment (FDAM) from ISO. ISO/IEC 14496-2:2001 FDAM 2 to be exact. The FDAM is going through a final balloting round, but the outcome of that ballot will not affect the text of the standard. To order a copy send an email to sales@iso.ch requesting the FDAM.

Where can I get example source code for MPEG-4?
Reference software was developed as a normative part of the MPEG-4 standard and is used to help understand and implement the specification. It is sepearated into 3 parts, audio, visual and systems and each piece of software implements a different part of the standard.

Example source code (reference source code) for MPEG-4 can be found on the ISO website. There are some restrictions regarding its use, so read carefully.

Can I play an MPEG-4 bitstream with MPEG-4 audio and MPEG-4 video on the IM1 reference software?
No. Each part of the reference software is self contained and does not interoperate with any other part. Both the Visual and Audio software are able to read and write elementary bitstreams compliant to their parts, while the systems software (also known as IM1) uses the MPEG-4 file format to read and display contnent specific to its part. For testing purposes, IM1 uses the ITU-T standards H.263 for video and G.723 for audio.

What is low Complexity AAC?
Low Complexity AAC (Advanced Audio Coding) is similar to standard AAC except that prediction is not used and there is a lower order Temporal Noise Shaping (TNS) filter.

Key Exchange API Working Group

The MPEGIF Key-exchange API Working Group is chaired by Yuval Fisher, CTO RGB Networks / Board Member, MPEGIF.

Delivery of high-value video content requires encryption. Encryption keys are typically managed by Key-management Servers (KMS) that distribute keys to client devices for the decryption of the content they receive. In many situations, the Scrambler component that encrypts the stream is not part of the KMS and thus requires access to encryption keys. Moreover, Key Management Servers are typically built by DRM vendors while Scramblers are typically built by encoder vendors. Unfortunately, the exchange of keys between the KMS and Scrambler is not standardized and each vendor typically uses proprietary interfaces.

The goal of this MPEG-IF workgroup is to create a best practices document specifying an API for exchanging keys between Key Management Servers and Scrambler components. When completed, this document would be taken to a standards body for standardization. The phases of this work are:

· Requirements – gather requirements that cover the use cases identified by the participating companies

· Solicit proposals – gather proposed APIs

· Consensus and final document

Documents:

Key Exchange API Working Group Overview
Proposed Overview of the MPEGIF Key-exchange API Working Group
Requirements Document version 6
Requirements Document version 6

Meeting Minutes

November 16, 2010
November 30, 2010
December 14, 2010
January 4, 2011
January 18, 2011

Press Releases

MPEGIF Completes First Phase in Standardized Online Key Exchange

Tutorials and White Papers

General Information and White Papers

MPEG-A: A New Kind of MPEG Standard [MPEG, 26 Apr 05]
LSI Logic H.264/MPEG-4 AVC Video Compression Tutorial [LSI Logic, 29 July 03] PASSWORD PROTECTED
MPEG-4 Simple / Advanced Simple Visual Profiles Brochure [M4IF, Apr 03]
M4IF's High Efficiency AAC White Paper [M4IF, Apr 03]
M4IF's MPEG-4 White Paper [M4IF, Nov 02]
MPEG-4 Overview: PDF version [MPEG]

Seminars and Conferences

MPEG-4 Demystified - Apple WWDC talk (4.5 Mbyte) [M4IF, 26 June 03]
Presentation at Broadband Year 2002 [M4IF, 07 Mar 02]
MPEG-4 and IPMP session of the 143rd SMPTE Technical Conference and Exhibition [SMPTE, 06 Nov 01]
introduction
Audio Introduction
Solution for Interactive Digital TV
Submitted Papers
Introduction to the MPEG-4 Standard from April NAB/SMPTE [SMPTE, 24 Apr 01]

Books

New Book: Multimedia Communication Technology [Springer, Mar 04]
H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression by Iain Richardson (ships Autumn 2003) [Wiley, Sept 03]
Introduction to MPEG-7: Multimedia Content Description Interface [Wiley, Apr 02]

Information on MPEG-4 Object Types, Profiles and Levels

Also see Section 5 of the MPEG-4 Overview [MPEG, Mar 02]
An overview of Visual Tools and Object Types [Streamcrest]

List of tools for MPEG-4 Visual Profiles [Haighton]

The following table lists some of the more popular visual profiles and the tools that can be used in each profile. The table was compiled from the documents: ISO/IEC 14496-2:2001 and ISO/IEC 14496-2:2001 AMD2.

Visual Object Types
Visual Tools	Simple	Core	Main	Advanced Real Time Simple	Advanced Coding Efficiency	Advanced Simple	Fine Granularity Scalable
Basic	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Error Resillience	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
Short Header	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
B-VOP		X	X		X	X	X
Method 1/2 Quantization		X	X		X	X	X
P-VOP based temporal scalability		X	X		X
Binary Shape		X	X		X
Grey Shape			X		X
Interlace			X		X	X	x
Sprite			X
Dynamic Resolution Conversion				X
New Pred				X
Global Motion Compensation					X	X
¼ Pel Motion Compensation					X	X
SA-DCT					X
Fine Granularity Scalability							X
FGS Temporal Scalability							X

Tutorials on MPEG-4

special issue on H.264/AVC standard of IEEE CSVT (access may require payment) [IEEE, 19 Aug 03]
A good set of AVC (MPEG-4 part 10/H.264) Tutorials [Iain Richardson, 31 Jan 03]
Understanding Scene Graphs [Dr. Dobb's Journal, 17 June 02]
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems for Signal Image and Video Technology [Kluwer, Oct 99]
MPEG-4: A Multimedia Standard for the Third Millennium. Part 2 [Battista et. al.]
MPEG-4: A Multimedia Standard for the Third Millennium. Part 1 [Battista et. al.]
Quick BIFS primer [Dufourd]

MPEG related sites

ISO [ISO]
MPEG Home Page [MPEG]
Structured Audio Orchestra Language site (SAOL) [SAOL]
Structured Audio Developer Tools [MPEG]

Related Organizations

Internet Streaming Media Alliance [ISMA]

ViDe MPEG-4 Working Group [ViDe]

© 2015 OIPF